One of my favorite styles of home construction is the 2nd Empire style of Victorian architecture. I don’t know what it is about the shape of the roof, but I have loved them since before I had any appreciation for architecture or design of any kind.
The Samuel Kidder Whiting House is a notable example of 2nd Empire architecture, a style that was popular in the United States during the late 19th century, particularly from the 1860s to the 1880s. This style is characterized by its distinctive mansard roof, elaborate ornamentation, and symmetrical facade.
Architectural Features:
- Mansard Roof: The most defining feature of 2nd Empire architecture, the mansard roof allows for a full upper story of usable space and is often punctuated with dormer windows.
- Ornamentation: The Samuel Kidder Whiting House, like many 2nd Empire homes, features elaborate cornices, brackets under the eaves, and decorative window and door surrounds.
- Symmetry: The facade typically exhibits a balanced, symmetrical design, often with a central pavilion or tower.
- Materials: These homes frequently use brick or wood with intricate detailing, and the Samuel Kidder Whiting House is no exception, showcasing high-quality craftsmanship in its construction and finishes.
Historical Significance:
- Era: The house was built during a period of significant growth and prosperity in the United States, reflecting the ambitions and aspirations of the American middle and upper classes.
- Cultural Context: The 2nd Empire style was influenced by the architecture of the French Second Empire under Napoleon III, symbolizing modernity and sophistication.
Location and Preservation:
- The Samuel Kidder Whiting House, located in a region where many 2nd Empire homes were constructed, is often protected as part of historic districts or individual listings on the National Register of Historic Places.
- Preservation efforts focus on maintaining the integrity of the original design and materials, ensuring that the house remains a valuable example of this architectural style.
2nd Empire Homes
Overview: The 2nd Empire architectural style emerged in France during the reign of Napoleon III and became popular in the United States in the mid-to-late 19th century. It is known for its distinctive mansard roofs and elaborate decorative elements.
Key Architectural Features:
- Mansard Roof: A hallmark of the style, the mansard roof features two slopes on each of its four sides, with the lower slope being steeper than the upper. This design not only creates a distinctive look but also maximizes the usable attic space.
- Dormer Windows: These windows protrude from the mansard roof, providing light and ventilation to the upper story.
- Symmetry: 2nd Empire homes often have a balanced and symmetrical facade, with a central entrance and evenly spaced windows.
- Ornamentation: Richly decorated with brackets, cornices, and moldings, these homes often feature decorative window surrounds and door frames, and sometimes include a central tower or pavilion.
- Materials: Commonly constructed with brick or wood, these homes often feature stone or cast iron details, especially in urban settings.
Historical Context:
- Influence: The 2nd Empire style was heavily influenced by the architectural trends in France during the mid-19th century, symbolizing progress and modernity.
- Popularity: The style became popular in the United States after the Civil War, reflecting the country’s economic growth and the desire for opulent, impressive homes that conveyed wealth and status.
Examples and Regional Variations:
- Urban vs. Rural: In urban areas, 2nd Empire homes were often grand townhouses with elaborate detailing. In rural settings, they might be large country estates with more subdued ornamentation but still retaining the characteristic mansard roof.
- Famous Examples: Notable examples of 2nd Empire architecture include the Old Executive Office Building in Washington, D.C., and the Carson Mansion in Eureka, California.
Preservation:
- Many 2nd Empire homes are now considered historic landmarks and are preserved for their architectural and historical significance. Preservation efforts aim to maintain their original features and ensure their longevity as part of the architectural heritage.
In summary, both the Samuel Kidder Whiting House and 2nd Empire homes represent an important period in architectural history, showcasing the elegance and innovation of the late 19th century. Their preservation allows us to appreciate the craftsmanship and design principles that defined an era of American architecture.
